Astronomy |
Planets - Mercury |
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Bulk Parameters | Orbital Parameters
Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) | Magnetospheric Parameters
Observational Parameters | Atmospheric Parameters
Satellites |
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| Bulk Parameters |
Black-Body Temperature |
442.5 K |
Bond Albedo |
0.119 |
Ellipticity |
0.0000 |
Equatorial Radius |
2439.7 km |
Escape Velocity |
4.3 km s−1 |
GM |
0.02203 × 106 km 3 s−2 |
Mass |
0.3302 × 1024 kg |
Mean Density |
5427 kg m−3 |
Moment of Inertia |
0.33 I MR−2 |
Polar Radius |
2439.7 km |
Solar Irradiance |
9126.6 W m−2 |
Surface Gravity |
3.70 m s−2 |
Visual Geometric Albedo |
0.106 |
Visual Magnitude |
−0.42 |
Volume |
6.083 × 1010 km3 |
Volumetric Mean Radius |
2439.7 km |
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| Orbital Parameters |
Aphelion |
69.82 × 106 km |
Length of Day |
4222.6 hours |
Maximum Orbital Velocity |
58.98 km s−1 |
Mean Orbital Velocity |
47.87 km s−1 |
Minimum Orbital Velocity |
38.86 km s−1 |
Obliquity to Orbit |
0.01 |
Orbital Eccentricity |
0.2056 |
Orbital Inclination |
7.00 ° |
Perihelion |
46.00 × 106 km |
Semimajor Axis |
57.91 × 106 km |
Sidereal Orbit Period |
87.969 days |
Sidereal Rotation Period |
1407.6 hours |
Synodic Period |
115.88 days |
Tropical Orbit Period |
87.968 days |
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| Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) |
Longitude of Ascending Node |
48.33167° |
Longitude of Perihelion |
77.45645° |
Mean Longitude |
252.25084° |
Orbital Eccentricity |
0.20563069 |
Orbital Inclination |
7.00487° |
Semimajor Axis |
0.38709893 AU |
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| Magnetospheric Parameters |
Dipole Field Strength |
0.0033 gauss−Rh3 [*] |
Dipole Tilt to Rotational Axis |
169° |
Longitude of Tilt |
285° (from Mercury I flyby)
115° (from Mercury III flyby) |
Rh = Mercurian Radii (2439.7 km) |
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| Observational Parameters |
Apparent Magnitude from Opposition |
−1.9 |
Maximum Apparent Diameter from Earth |
13 arc seconds |
Maximum Distance from Earth |
221.9 × 106 km |
Minimum Apparent Diameter from Earth |
4.5 arc seconds |
Minimum Distance from Earth |
77.3 × 106 km |
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| Atmospheric Parameters |
| Average Temperature |
440 K (590K to 725K on sunward side) |
| Oxygen O2 |
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42% |
| Sodium Na |
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29% |
| Hydrogen H2 |
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22% |
| Helium He |
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6% |
| Potassium K |
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0.5% |
| Argon Ar |
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Trace |
| Carbon Dioxide CO2 |
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Trace |
| Water H2O |
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Trace |
| Nitrogen N2 |
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Trace |
| Xenon Xe |
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Trace |
| Krypton Kr |
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Trace |
| Neon Ne |
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Trace |
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| Surface Pressure |
10-15 bar |
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| Satellites |
Mercury has no known satellites |
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