E = electric field strength, V = potential
It is possible to regard the electric field strength E as the negative gradient of a scalar potential V . In Cartesian co-ordinates this means that E = - ∂ V ∂ x i - ∂ V ∂ y j - ∂ V ∂ z k , where i , j and k are the unit vectors in the x , y and z directions respectively.
Newtonian Mechanics, A P French, Thomas Nelson & Sons, 1971