Frequency (Open Tube)
f = frequency, c = speed of sound, l = length of tube, n = integer ≥ 1
In an open tube, the fundamental frequency of the sound waves is c 2 l . All integer multiples of this frequency are present. Another way of saying this is that all harmonics are heard.
University Physics, F W Sears, M W Zemansky, 3rd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1967
